Kings and Queens of England / Britain

Link to Early kings and queens of Britannia
 

Abbreviations used:
b = brother of, d = daughter of, m = married to (year), s = son of,
ss = grandson of, † = died; ‡ = buried.
 
No. Born Ruled King's name and relations
Queen's name and relations
001
101		 994 or
995		 1016-1035
1019-1035		 Canut = Cnut the Great = Knud den Store = Gammelknud.
s (Dk -01); * 994 or 995; † 12/11 1035 in Shaftesbury, ‡ Winchester.
King of Mercia and Danelaw from 1014 and the whole of England after Edmund's death 30/11 1016;
King of Denmark from 1019; brother-in-law Ulf was regent to 1026;
King's son Harthaknud was regent in Denmark from 1028;
King of Norway from 1028; placed wife Ælfgifu and son Svend as regents from 1028;
Knud participated in Rome in Emperor Konrad II's crowning 26/3 1027;

Ælgifu = Elgiva = Alfifa; m(1); † after 1052; d Earl or ealdorman Alfhelm of Northumberland / Deira.
She was a widow after Earl Uthfried of Northumberland.
The couple was married by handfast. Children accepted in line.
children :
1.   Svend = Sweyn = Svend Alfifasen; * 1015 - 1016; † 1035; Norwegian vicegerent;
2.   Harald Harefoot (002);

Emma; m(2) 1017; † 6/3 1052; ‡ Winchester;
Widow of English Ethelred II; d of Duke Richard I of Normandy;
children :
3.   Hardicanute = Harthacnut (102),
4.   Gunhilda = Kunigunde; * c.1020; † 1038;
   m 1036 Henry III of Germany; † 1038.
002 1015c 1035-1040 Harald Harefoot = Harald Harefod;
s(001) & Ælgifu, † 1040c.
Co-ruler with Harthacnut to 1037;
003/
102		 1020 1035-1042 Harthacnut / Hardeknud;
s(101) + Emma. * 1020; † 08/06 1042; ‡ Winchester;
Co-ruler with Harefoot from 1027 to 1037;
Sole ruler in Denmark from 1035;
King in England from 1040;
No knowledge of marriage.
004 1005
or
1005		 1042-1066 Edward the Confessor = Edward the Atheling;
s of Emma of Normandy & Ethelred II the Unready.
= Wessex (W034);
* c. 1005; † 05/01 1066; ‡ Westminster Abbey;
Westminster Abbey was dedicated 28/12 1065 - NOT the present building;
King from 08/06 1042;
Crowned Winchester 03/04 1043;
Exiled in Normandy 1016 to 1042;
Canonized 1161;

Edith = Eadgyth; * 1020 c.; m 23/01 1045; † 18/12 1075; sister to (005);
d Godwin Earl of Wessex who was m to Gytha, their son was Ulf Jarl (Dk -01.4);
no children.

After a disagreement between Earl Godwin and the King in 1051 over the appointment of a Norman Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert of Jumièges, Earl Godwin was exiled and Edith confined to a nunnery.
Earl Godwin returned in arms 1052 and he and the queen were restored. Godwin died at Easter 1053. He had five sons.

Mother Emma was d Richard I of Normandy, she died 1052.
She m(2) Cnut the Great, and thus Edward became halfbrother to Harthecnut (003/102).
 
 
 
Godwin family
King Canut (001) had appointed the three most powerful men in England:
— Earl Siward of Northumbria, † 1055;
— Earl Leofric of Mercia, † 1057; succeded by son Ælfgar;
— Earl Godwin of Wessex, † 1053;
Earl Godwin had six sons:
   — the eldest Sweyn;
   — Harold succeeded father as earl in 1053 and king in 1066, see (005);
   — Tostig, m halfsister to Baldwin V of Flanders;
       Tostig succeded Earl Siward in 1055 as Earl of Northumbria;
   — Gyrth; became Earl of East Anglia after Harold Godwinson and Ælfgar;
Godwin's eldest daughter, Edith, married king Edward in 1044;
005 1022 1066 Harold II Godwinson
s Earl Godwin of Wessex and Gytha Thorkelsdættir;
b. to Edward the Confessor's wife, Eadgyth;
* c. 1022; † 14/10 1066 at Hastings; ‡ Waltham Abbey Essex.
Earl of East Anglia from 1045 to 1066;
Earl of Kent, Wessex and Hereford from 1066;
King of England from 05/01 1066 to 14/10 1066;
Crowned St. Paul's 06/01 1066;
Fought the battle of Stamford Bridge 25/09 1066 against Harold Hardarada and Earl Tostig, both died;
Killed in battle at Hastings 14/10 1066; possibly burried at Waltham Abbey;
[10417]

Ealdgyth = Edith; * 1042 c.; m(1) 1066; † after 1070 as exiled; d Earl Alfgar of Mercia;
child :
1.   Edmund;

Ealdgyth with the Swanneck; m(2);
children :
2.   Harold; * 00/12 1066; † after 1098 as exiled;
3.   Ulf; * 00/12 1066; † after 1087 as exiled;

Edith Swanneshals, illegitimate;
children :
4.   Godwine;
5.   Magnus;
6.   Gunhilda; at Wilton Abbey;
7.   Gytha; * 1055 c.; † 10/03 1098 in Palestine;
     another sources says † Kiev 07/05 1107;
     m 1070 c. Vladimir Monomakh of Pereyasavl; * 1053 c.; † 19/05 1125;

King Harold had four brothers; two of whom were:
Earl Leofwine; † 14/10 1066; exiled with father 1051-1052; and
Earl Gyrth; † 14/10 1066;
006 1028c 1066-1087 William I the Conqueror = William the Bastard;
illegitimate s Duke Robert I of Normandy, mother Herleve Fulbert of Falaise;
* 1027-1028, † 07 or 09/09 1087; [7464-89]; ‡ Caen, St Stephen's & St. Peter's.
Duke from 1035 to 1087;
Landed in England 28/09 1066;
Battle of Hastings 14/10 1066;
King of England from 14/10 1066, crowned 24 or 25/12 1066, Westminster;

Matilda of Flanders; * 1032; m 1053; † 02/11 1083; the Pope confirmed the marriage 1059;
d Count Baldwin V of Flanders;
children :
1.   Robert II Duke of Normandy, nicknamed Robert Curthose; * 1054; † 10/02 1134; from 1106 King Henry I's prisoner;
   m Sybille of Conversano;
     they got:
     a) Count William Clito of Flanders; * 1101; † 1028 killed in battle;
      m(1) Adelicia of Montferrat;
      m(2) 1123 Sybille of Anjou; * 1112; divorced 1124; † 1165;
      Robert Curthose is registered in Norman Rulers;
2.   Richard; * 1055 c.; † c.1075 or 1081;
3.   William Rufus II (007); † 02/08 1100;
4.   Henry I Beauclerk (008); † 01/12 1135;
5.   Cicely; † 1126 or 1127;
6.   Constance; † 1090;
7.   Adeliza;
8.   Adela of Blois (006a);
      m Stephen of Blois and Chartres, † 1137,
      they got a total of 11 children:
      a) (4th son) Stephen (009);
      b) (5th son) Henry, who became abbot of Glastonbury Abbey from 1126 and from 1129 Bishop of Winchester;
9.   Agatha.
007 1056 1087-1100 William II Rufus;
* c. 1056; † 01 or 02/08 1100; ‡ Winchester.
King from 09/09 1087;
Crowned 26/09 1087;
Died a bachelor; no children;
Anselm became archbishop in 1093, exiled in 1097;
William became regent of Normandy in 1096 when his brother Robert II went on Crusade;
008 1068c 1100-1135 Henry I Beauclerc, The Lion of Justice;
s(006); * c. 1068; † 01/12 1135; ‡ Reading Abbey. His brain was burried in Normandy;
King from 02/08 1100;
Crowned 05/08 1100;

Matilda of Scotland; took the Name of Edith at the wedding;
* 1080; m(1) 06/08 or 11/11 1100; † 01/05 1118.
d Malcolm III of Scotland and St. Margaret;
children :
1.   Matilda = Maud, (009a) * 1102; † 1164;
      De facto uncrowned queen of England from 02/02 1141 to 01/11 1141;
      m(1) to German emperor Henry V,
      m(2) 17/6 1128 to Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Earl / Count of Anjou & Maine 1113-1150/1151;
      they got:
      a) Henry II (010);
      b) Count Theobald of Anjou;
      c) Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester;
2.   William III, Duke of Normandy;
      * 00/02 1103; † 25/11 1120. Drowned in the WHITE SHIP at Barfleur;
      m 00/07 1119 Isabel of Gatinais; * 1107; † 1154;
       or another source claims: m Matilda d Fulk V Count of Anjou.

Adela of Louvain = Alice = Lower Lorraine = Adelicia = Adeliza, * 1104 or 1105; m(2) 02/02 1121 or 29/01 1122; † 1151 or after 1157;
   after 1135 she re-m William Earl of Arundel;
In [5896] p. 143 she remarried William de Albini who was made Earl of Lincoln by the marriage and soon after Earl of Sussex.
no children ;

The king acknowledged 8 male and 11 female illegitimate children with other women. Another source claims it the British monarchial record with 20-22 children with at least six different women.
One daughter was Sibylla married to Alexander I of Scotland;
009 1096c 1135-1154 Stephen = Stephan;
s(006-8); * c. 1096; † 25/10 1154; ‡ Faversham Abbey in Kent.
Father was Count Etienne of Blois, Chartres, Châteaudun, Sancerre and Meaux; * 1046; † 1102, and mother Adela of England; * 1062; † 08/03 1135 or 1138;
Count of Boulogne and Mortain used his French name of Etienne;
Founded the Abbey of Furness;
King from 01/12 1135;
Crowned 22/12 1135;
During upheavals and invasion of cousin Empress Matilda from 1139, King Stephen was captured at Lincoln 1141 and Matilda was de facto queen - but never crowned - from March to November 1141, when she was defeated at Winchester and had to shift her abodes until she finally in 1148 fled the land.

Matilda of Boulonge; * 1110 c.; m 1125; † 30/05 1151; ‡ Faversham in Kent;
d Count Eustace II of Boulogne and gd of St. Margaret of Scotland;
children :
1.   Baudouin, died during infancy 1135 c.
2.   Eustace IV, Count of Bologna; * 1127; † 1152 or 10/08 1154;
   m 1140 Constance sister of Louis VII of Fr.; † 16/08 1176;
3.   William, Count of Mortain, later Earl of Warenne, Lord of Pevensey, Lord of Norwich; † 11/10 1159;
   m 1153 c. Isabella; † 12/07 1199;
     d of William de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, who had his castle at Castle Acre [5896 p.142] + [10578]
     William's wife, Gundrada died in childbirth in 1085;
4.   Mahaut of Blois = Matilda of Blois; † 1135 c.
5.   Mary of Blois; * 1131 c.; † 25/07 1180;
     m 1160 c. Matthias of Lorraine, Count of Boulogne; † 25/12 1173 in battle;
     divorced 1169 or 1170 and became Abbess of Romsey;
009A 1102 1141 Matilda = Maud;
d(008); * 07/02 1102; † 10/09 1167 or 1169; ‡ Bec Abbey, Rouen Cathedral;
De facto reigned from March to November 1141;
See her story above in Stephen's record;

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor; * 1086; m(1) 07/01 1114; † 1125;

Geoffrey of Anjou = Geoffrey V Plantagenet, Duke of Normandy from 1144-1151;
* 23/08 1113; m(2) 1127 or 1128; † 07/09 1151; ‡ Le Mans Cathedral;
s Foulques V of Anjou, King of Jerusalem;
children :
1.   Henry II (010);
2.   Geoffrey VI of Anjou; * 01/06 1134; † 26/07 1158;
3.   William = Guillaume, Count of Poitou; * 1135; † 30/01 1164;

Geoffrey V Plantagenet had some illegitimate children:
   x1.   Emma of Anjou; * after 1128; † ?:
       m Guy V of Laval or Prince David I of Gwynedd;
   x2.   Hamelin, 1st Earl of Surrey and 1st Earl of Warenne;
     * 1130; † 07/05 1202; ‡ Chapter House, Lewes;
     m 1164 Isabel Warenne**), Countess of Surrey; * 1137; † 13/07 1199;
       they got:
       a) William Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey; * 1166; † 27/05 1240;
       m(1) Mathilde d'Aubigny; † 1216;
       m(2) 1225 c. Maud Marshall; * 1171 c.; † 27/03 1248; d William, 1st Earl of Pembroke;
        William II got in second marriage:
          i) John Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey; * 1231; † 29/09 1304;
          m 1247 Alix de Lusignan; * 1224 c.; † 09/02 1256;
     John and Alix got:
          A) William Warenne; * 1256; † 12/12 1286 killed;
          m 1285 Joan de Vere; † 1293 c.; d Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford;
     William and Joan got:
          John Warenne, 8th Earl of Surrey; * 1286; † 30/06 1347;
          m 1306 Joanne de Bar; † 1361; and
          Alice; * 1285 c.; † 1338 c.;
          m 1305 Edmund Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel; * 01/05 1285; † 17/11 1338;
          B) Eleanor; * 1251; † 1282 or 1290;
          m 08/09 1268 Sir Henry de Percy; † 29/10 1272;
          C) Isabel; * 1253; † 1296 c.;
          m 1280 c. King John Baliol of Scotland; * 1249; † 1313;
          ii) Isabel; † 1282 c.;
          m 1234 Earl Hugh d'Aubigny of Arundel; † 1243;
       b) Ela; * 1162 c.; † 1220 c.;
       m(1) Robert de Newburn;
       m(2) William Fitzwilliam of Sprotborough; † 1219 or 1224;
       c) Isabel; † 1234 c.;
       m(1) Robert de Lacy; † 1193;
       m(2) 1196 c. Lord Guilbert de l'Aigle of Pevensey; † 1231;
       d) Mathilde; * 1162 c.; † 1228 c.;
       m(1) Count Henri d'Eu; † 1190 c.;
       m(2) Lord Henri d'Estouteville of Eckington; † 1236 c.

**) The Warenne family's connection with Castle Acre
A William Warenne came over with William the Conqueror in 1066 and founded the castle on land belonging to a certain Toke who was dispossessed.
William Warenne had around 1070-1071 got the land through marriage to Gundrada a sister to a warrior Frederick, First Earl of Chester, who originally had got the land from Duke, later King, William.
After King William's death Warenne supported King William Rufus (007) and was rewarded with the title of Earl of Surrey.
Warenne died in 1088 after being hit by an arrow and was burried in the Priory of St. Pancras in Lewes, which he had founded.
The priory's monks came from Cluny in France. His wife Gundrada had died in childbirth in 27/05 1085.

William Warenne's eldest son, William II Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey - and the first to use the title "Earl of Warenne" - inherited the estate.
However, he lost it during the war between The Conqueror's two sons: Robert Curthose (006-1) and Henry I (008).
William Warenne 2nd Earl of Surrey was later rehabilitated and got his English estates back.
He married in 1118 Isabella de Vermandois - widow after her first husband Robert of Meulan.
William 2nd Earl gave the plot for the priory of Castle Acre in 1090, but the church was not consecrated until 1148.

William the 2nd Earl and Isabella got the 3rd Earl, William III Warenne who succeeded in 1138.
He supported King Stephen against the king's cousin Matilda (009A) from 1138 to 1145, but left for the Second Crusade and was killed at Laodicea in Turkey in 1148.

William 3rd earl left no sons and the estates went to his daughter Isabella and together with the Earldom of Surrey and Warenne to her husband William of Blois (009-3), the youngest son of King Stephen.
William of Blois, the 4th Earl, died in 1159 fighting in France with Henry II.

Isabella now a widow married in 1164 Hamelin Plantagenet (009A-x2), Henry II's half-brother. Isabella died in 1199.
Hamelin or Hamelyn became the 5th Earl of Surrey. Hamelin built the gates at Castle Acre. He married Matilda.

Hamelin's son William Plantagenet became the 6th Earl in 1202, and his son inherited the estate as John 7th Earl of Surrey in 1240 and married in April 1247 Alicia de Lusignan, † 09/02 1255, a half-sister to King Henry III (though not mentioned in some sources).
John died in 1304.

John and Alicia had a son, William, who died before his father and accordingly was never created Earl of Surrey.
However, William's son John became the 8th Earl of Warenne and Surrey.
He became the last Earl of Warenne. He died in 1347 and his sister's son Richard Fitzalan Earl of Arundel inherited the estate and held it until 1558.
[10578]
010 1133 1153-1189 Henry II Plantagenet;
s(009A); * 05/03 1133; † 06/07 1189; ‡ Fontevraud Abbey in Anjou, later transferred to Westminster Abbey;
King of England from 25/10 1153 or 1154;
Crowned together with Eleanor 19/12 1154;
Henry II founded the Plantagenet Dynasty which lasted until 1399;
All told, the King spent 21 years of his reign in France;
Count of Anjou from 1151,
Count of Maine from 1151,
Count of Touraine from 1151,
Duke of Normandy from 1151,
Duke of Aquitaine from 1152;

Henry had in 1162 arranged the canonization of Edward the Confessor; Henry promoted the idea of canonizing Charlemagne to the H. R. Emperor who later carried the object through the Papal Court;
Thomas Becket Archbishop from 1162, quarrel and assasination 29/12 1170, Sainthood from February 1173;

Eleanor of Aquitaine; * 1122 or 1124; m(2) 11/05 or 18/05 1152, her second m.; † 31/03 1204;
   she was m(1) to Louis VII of France in 1137, divorced 21/03 1152);
   Eleanor was imprisoned by Henry II from 1173 to his death in 1189 for rebelling together with their sons Henry, Richard and Geoffrey.
   Eleanor was the heiress to the Duchy of Aquitaine;
children :
0.   William; * 17/08 1152; † 1156;
1.   Henry, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou;
   * 28/02 1155; † 1183, crowned 1170 or 1172;
   m 1160 Margaret = Marguerite of France; * 1158; † 1197 or 1198, d of Louis VII of France;
2.   Richard I (011); * 08/09 1157; † 06/04 1199;
3.   Geoffrey; * 23/09 1158; † 1185 or 1186; Duke of Brittany;
     he got a) Arthur of Brittany;
4.   John (012); * 24/12 1166; † 18/10 1216;
5.   Maud = Matilda; * 00/06 1156; † 28/06 1189;
   m 01/02 1168 Duke Henry the Lion V of Saxony & Bavaria; † 06/08 1195;
6.   Eleanor = Leonora; * 13/10 1162; † 31/10 1214;
   m 22/09 1177 King Alfonso VIII of Castille; * 1155; † 1214;
7.   Joan; * 1165; † 04/09 1199;
   m(1) 13/02 1177 King William II of Sicily; † 16/11 1189;
   m(2) 1196 Count Raymond VI of Toulouse; † 1222;

Illegitimate sons:
-.   Geoffrey, Bishop of Lincoln, Archbishop of York;
--.   William de Longspee, Earl of Salisbury;

According to one source, Queen Eleanor had two daughters, Alice and Mary, by Louis VII of France; they are not mentioned in [10430 p.60].
011 1157 1189-1199 Richard I Lionheart = Richard Yea and Nay;
s(010); * 08/09 1157; † 06/04 1199. ‡ Fontevrault, France.
King from 06/07 1189;
Crowned 03/09 1189;
Participated in the third Crusade, departed 12/12 1189; returned 13/03 1194;
Crowned King again 17/04 1194 in Winchester;
Duke of Normandy from 1168;
Duke of Aquitaine from 1168;
Count of Anjou from 1172 or 1189;
Duke of Poitiers from 1172;

Engaged to Alice; * 1150; half-sister toKing Philip II of France, but connection cancelled;

Margaret; * 1158; m(1) 1172; † 1197; d Louis VII of France (Fr.006);

Berengaria of Navarre; m(2) 1191 in Cyprus; * 1163 c. † after 1216, or after 1230.
no children ; Never sat foot on England.

illegitimate child :
1.   Isabel.
012 1167 1199-1216 John Lackland;
s(010); * 24/12 1166 or 1167; † 18/10 or 19/10 1216; ‡; Worcester Cathedral;
King from 06/04 1199;
Crowned 27/05 1199 in WA;
Duke of Normandy from 25/04 1199;
Duke of Aquitaine;
Count of Anjou from 1203 to 1204;
Count of Mortain;
Lord of Ireland from 1177;
John lost Anjou and Normandy except for small areas;
Magna Carta 19/06 1215.

Isabella of Gloucester or Avisa; m(1) 29/08 1189, divorced 1199 (too close related);
Isabella re-m Geoffrey de Mandeville; she re-m a third time.

Isabella of Angouleme; * 1189; m(2) 00/08 1200; crowned 8th Ides Oct. 1200;
she re-m Hugh le Brun, Count de la March; † 31/05 1246;
children :
1.   Henry III (013) * 01/10 1207; † 16/11 1272;
2.   Richard Earl of Cornwall; king of the Romans from 1256 to 1271; † 1272,
   * 05/01 1209; † 02/04 1272
   m(1) 13/03 1231 Isabel Marshal; * 09/10 1200; † 15/01 1240;
   m(2) 1243 Sanchia of Provence; * 1225 c. † 1261;
   m(3) 16/06 1269 Beatrix von Valkenburg; * 1253 c.; 17/10 1277;
3.   Joan * 22/07 1210; † 05/03 1238;
     m 25/06 1221 King Alexander II of Scotland; † 06/07 1249;
4.   Isabella; * 1214; † 01/12 1241;
   m 20/07 1235 Emperor Friedrich II; * 26/12 1194; † 13/12 1250;
5.   Eleanor; * 1215; † 13/04 1275;
     m(1) 23/04 1224 Marshal and Earl William of Pembroke; † 24/04 1231;
     m(2) 07/01 1237 or 1239 Count Simon VI de Montfort, later Earl of Leicester; * 1208 or 1209; † 04/08 1265;
********
6.   Richard Fitzroy; illegitimate by Isabella de Warenne, wife of Lord Pevensey;
* 1186 c. † June 1246;
013 1207 1216-1272 Henry III;
s(012); * 01/10 1207; † 16/11 1272; ‡ Westminster Abbey;
Duke of Guyenne from 1259;
King from 18/10 1216;
Crowned Gloucester Abbey 28/10 1216;
Crowned Westminster 17/05 1220, rebuilt WA.

First Parliament January 1265 including nobility, knights, burgesses and clergy. Called in by Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester;

Eleanor of Provence; * 1223; m 14/01 1236; † 24/01 or 25/6 1291; ‡ Greyfriars, London (her heart), Amesbury Nunnery (her body).
d Count of Provence; she was related through mother to the House of Savoy;
children :
1.   Edward (014); * 17/06 1239; † 08/07 1307;
2.   Margaret; * 29/09 1240; † 27/02 1275;
   m 26/12 1251 King Alexander III of Scotland; † 19/03 1286;
3.   Beatrice; 25/06 1242; † 24/03 1275;
   m 22/01 1259 or 1260 Duke John II of Brittany; * 1239; † 1305;
4.   Edmund of Woodstock = Edmund Crouchback; * 16/01 1245; † 05/06 1296; ‡ WA;
   Earl of Chester from 1253;
   Earl of Leicester from 25/10 1264;
   Earl of Derby from 12/07 1265;
   Earl of Lancaster ffrom 1267;
   m(1) 09/04 1269 Countess Aveline of Forez; * 1259; † 1274;
   m(2) 03/02 1276 Blanche of Artois; * 1243 c.; † 02/05 1302;
   Appointed future King of Sicily 1254. Never acted as such;
   they got:
     a) Thomas the Martyr; Earl of Lancaster and Earl of Lincoln from 1311; * 1279 c. † 1322 executed;
     b) Henry; Earl of Lancaster and Earl of Leicester; * 1281 c. † 22/09 1348;
     m(1) 1297 Maud de Chaworth; * 1282; † after 19/02 1317 or 1322;
     m(2) 1322 c. Alix de Joinville; † after 19/04 1336;
     they got:
        i) Duke Henry III of Lancaster, Leicester and Derby,
        also IV Earl of the same; * 1314 c.; † 24/03 1361 plague;
5.   Richard; * 1247 c. † 1255 c.
6.   John; * 1250 c. † 1255 or 1256;
7.   Kathrine; * 25/11 1253; † 03/05 1257;
8.   Henry; * 1256; † 1256 c.;
9.   William; * 1256; † 1256 c.;
014 1239 1272-1307 Edward I = Edward Longshanks = The Hammer of the Scots;
s(013); * 17/06 1239; † 07/07 or 08/07 1307 en route to Scotland; ‡ Westminster Abbey;
Is defeated with his father by Simon de Montfort in 1264. Edward defeated Montfort 1265 at the Battle of Evesham;
Participate in the fighting in Outremer 1270 until September 1272;
Proclaimed king 20/11 1272;
Returned to England and was crowned in Westminster 19/08 1274;
Lord of Ireland;
Duke of Aquitaine;

Eleanor of Castille = Leonor of Castile; * 1240 c. m(1) 18/10 or 01/11 1254; † 28/11 or 29/11 1290; d Ferdinand III of Castile & Leon;
children :
  1.   daughter; * 1255; † 1255;
  2.   Katherine; before 17/06 1264; † +5/09 1264; ‡ WA;
  3.   Joan; * 1265; † before 07/09 1265; ‡ WA;
  4.   John; * 13/07 or 14/07 1266; † +3/08 1271; ‡ WA;
  5.   Henry; * 00/05 1268; † 14/10 or 17/10 1274; ‡ WA;
  6.   Eleanor; * 18/06 1269; † 29/08 1297;
   m 20/09 1293 Count Henry III of Bar; † 1302;
    another source claims:
   m(1) King Alfonso III of Aragon;
   m(2) Count Henry of Bar;
  7.   daughter; * 00/05 1271; † 00/09 1271 c. born and died in Palestine;
  8.   Joan of Acre; * 1272; † 07/04 1307; ‡ Clare Priory;
   m(1) 30/04 1290 Earl Gilbert of Gloucester and Hertford; * 02/09 1243; † 07/12 1295;
   m(2) 1297 Ralph de Monthermer; * 1290 c. † 05/04 1325;
  9.   Alfonso, Earl of Chester; * 24/11 1273; † 19/08 1284; ‡ WA;
10.   Margaret; * 15/03 1275; † after mid 1333; ‡ Brussels;
   m 09/07 1290 Duke John II of Brabant; * 1273 c. † 27/12 1312;
11.   Berengaria; * 01/05 1276; † before 27/06 1278;
12.   daughter; * 1278; † 1278;
13.   Mary; * 12/03 1279; † 29/05 1332; nun in Amesbury Convent from 1291;
14.   Elizabeth of Rhuddlan; * 07/08 1282; † 05/05 1316;
   m(1) 1297 Count John I of Holland; † 1299;
   m(2) 14/11 1302 Earl Humphrey VIII de Bohun of Hereford and Essex; * 1276; † 16/03 1321;
15.   Edward of Caernarfon (015); * 25/04 1284; Prince of Wales from 07/02 1301;
16.   Beatrice; * 1286; † young;
17.   Blanche; * 1290; † young;

Margaret of France = Marguerite; * between 1275 and 1282; m(2) 08/09 1299; † 14/02 1317 or 1318;
d Philip III of France;
children :
18.   Thomas, Earl of Norfolk; * 01/06 1300; † 00/08 1338; ‡ Bury St. Edmund;
   m(1) 1316 c. Alice Hayles; † after 08/05 1326;
   m(2) 1328 c. Mary de Ros; † 1362;
19.   Edmund, Earl of Kent and Arundel; * 05/08 1301; † 19/03 1330 executed; ‡ WA;
   m 00/12 1325 Margaret -of Liddell- Wake; * 1299 c.; † 29/09 1349;
     they got:
     a) Earl Edmund II of Kent, Baron Woodstock; * 1326 c. † 05/01 1331;
     b) Earl John III of Kent, Baron Wake of Liddell from 1349; * 07/04 1330; † 26/12 1352;
     m 1352 c. Elisabeth of Jülich; † 06/06 1411;
     c) Margaret; * 1327; † before 1352;
     m Amadeus de La Brette;
     d) Joan "The Fair Maid of Kent" and Countess of Kent; * 29/09 1328; † 08/08 1385;
     m(1) before Oct. 1348 Earl William de Montacute of Salisbury; divorced 1349;
     m(2) Earl Thomas I de Holland of Kent; † 28/12 1360;
     m(3) 10/10 1361 Prince Edward of Wales (016-1); * 15/06 1330; † 08/06 1376;
20.   Eleanor; * 04/05 1306; † 1311;
015 1284 1307-1327 Edward II;
s(014) with Eleanor; * 25/04 1284; † 21/09 1327, murdered; ‡ Gloucester Cathedral;
The death was made public 21/09 1327;
Prince of Wales from 07/02 1301;
King from 07/07 or 08/07 1307;
Crowned 25/02 1308;
Deposed or abdicated 07/01 1327, last regency date 20/01 1327;

Betrothed to Princess Margaret of Norway, infant Queen of Scotland, she died September 1290;

Isabella of France; * 1292 or 1295; m 25/01 1308; † 22/08 1358; d Philip IV of France;
As dowager queen she was interred in Castle Rising in Norfolk. [5896 p.143]
children :
1.   Edward (016); * 13/11 1312; † 21/06 1377;
2.   John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall; * 15/08 1316 at Eltham Palace; † 14/009 1336; ‡ WA;
3.   Eleanor of Woodstock; * 08/06 1318; † 22/04 1355;
   m May 1332 Duke Reynald of Gueldres = Rainald of Geldern; † 12/10 1343;
4.   Joan = Joanna; * 05/07 1321; † 07/09 1362;
   m 17/07 1328 King David II Bruce of Scotland; * 05/03 1324; † 22/02 1370;
016 1312 1327-1377 Edward III;
s(015); * 13/11 1312; † 21/06 1377; ‡ Westminster Abbey;
Initial regent date 20/01 or 25/01 1327;
Crowned 01/02 1327; Ruled for 50 years and 6 months;
Duke of Aquitaine;
Edward adopted the title of King of France from 1340;
For a period he also held the title of imperial vicar of the Netherlands given by emperor Ludwig of Bavaria of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Black death in the years 1348 and 1349.

Philippa of Hainault; * 1314; m 24/01 1328; † 15/08 1369; d William Count of Hainault;
children :
1.   Edward The Black Prince, Prince of Wales; Duke of Cornwall from 1337;
* 15/06 1330; † 08/06 1376; ‡ WA;
   m 10/10 1361 Countess Joan, "The Fair Maid of Kent" (014-19-d); * 29/09 1328; † 08/08 1385;
   they got:
   a) Edward; * 27/01 1365; † 1372;
   b) Richard II (017); * 06/01 1367; † 1400;
2.   Isabel; * 16/06 1332; † before 07/10 1382;
   m 27/07 1365 Enguerrand VII de Coucy; * 1342; † 1397;
3.   Joan; * Feb. 1335 c. † 1348, died of the Black Death underways to Castile, engaged to Prince Peter, the heir of Castile;
4.   William; * before 16/02 1337; † 1337 ;
5.   Lionel of Antwerp; * 29/11 1338; † 17/10 1368;
   Duke of Clarence from 14/09 1361; by marriage Earl of Ulster and Connaught; 1336-1368;
   m(1) 09/09 1342 Elizabeth; * 06/07 1332; † 10/12 1363 or 1368; d Earl William de Burgh of Ulster;
   m(2) 28/05 1368 Violante Visconti, * 1353 c. † 1382 or 1386;

Family tree of Lionel and Elizabeth:
They got:
a): Countess Philippa; * 16/08 1355 at ElthamPalace; † 05/01 1382;
   m 24/08 1369 Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March; * 01/02 1352; † 27/12 1381;
   and they got:
i): Roger Mortimer who
   m Eleanor, † 1405, d Thomas Holland Earl of Kent;
     and they got 4 children of which No. 3 was
     5-a-i-a: Anne, who
     m Richard Earl of Cambridge (016-7-c);
       and they got:
       5-a-i-a-a: Richard Duke of York, also called
       Richard Plantagenet; = (16-7-c-i);
       1411-1460; killed at Battle of Wakefield;
       m Cecily, 1415-1495, d Ralph Neville Earl of Westmorland;
       for her family, see (16A-13);
       they got 7 children:
   a) Anne, 1439-1476;
     m(1) Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter, † 1430;
     m(2) Thomas St. Leger;
   b) Edward IV (021);
   c) Edmund, Earl of Rutland, 1443-1460;
   d) Elizabeth, 1444-1503c;
     m John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, 1442-1491;
   e) Margaret of York, 1446-1503,
     m Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 1433-1477.
   f) George, Duke of Clarence, 1449-1478;
     m Isabel Neville, 1451-1476;
       they got two children:
        - Edward, Earl of Warwick, 1475-1499, beheaded, last male Plantagenet;
        - Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, 1473-1541;
         m Richard Pole, † 1505;
   g) Richard III (023);

children of (016) continued :
6.   John of Gaunt (016A); * 24/06 1340; † 03/02 1399;
7.   Edmund / Edmund of Langley, * 13/11 1341; † 01/08 1402;
Earl of Cambridge from 13/11 1361;
Duke of York from 06/08 1385;
   m(1) 01/03 1372 Isabel = Leonora, * 1355; † 1393; d Pedro I of Castile;
   they got:
   a) Constance, † 1416;
     m to Thomas le Despenser, Earl of Gloucester;
   b) Edward, Duke of York, 1375-1415,
     m(1) Beatrice of Portugal * 1373, † after 1409;
     m(2) Philippa Mohun † 1431;
   c) Richard, Earl of Cambridge; * 1375; † 1415, beheaded;
     m(1) Anne Mortimer (016-2aaa), died before 1414;
     m(2) Maud Clifford, † 1446.
     by one of the wives he got:
     i) Richard, Duke of York; † 1460 at Wakefield;
     m Cecily Neville; see above (16-5-a-i-a-a) for their children;

   m(2) 24/11 1393 Joan Holland; * 1380; † 12/04 1434, d Thomas Earl of Kent; † 1402;
   Edmund and Joan got:
   d)   Thomas of Woodstock Duke of Gloucester;
     m Eleanor, d Humphrey de Bohun; murdered 1397;
   e)   Margaret;
     m John Hastings Earl of Pembroke;
   f)   Joan;
   g)   Mary;
     m John de Montfort Duke of Brittany;
   h)   Isabel;
     m Ingelram de Coucy Earl of Bedford.

children of (016) continued :
  8.   Blanche, * Mar 1342; † Mar 1342; ‡ WA;
  9.   Mary; * 10/10 1344; † 1361 or 1362;
   m 1361 Duke John V of Brittany = Jean V de Bretagne; * 1339; † 01/11 1399;
10.   Margaret; * 20/07 1346; † after 01/10 1361;
   m 19/05 1359 Earl John XII Hastings of Pembroke; * 29/08 1347; † 16./04 1375;
11.   William; * June 1348; † 1348;
12.    Thomas; * 07/01 1355; † 08/09 1397 murdered;
   Duke of Gloucester from 1386, Earl of Buckingham from 1378;
   m 1374 Eleanor de Bohun; * 1366; † 03/10 1399;
   they got:
   a) Duke Humphrey de Bohun of Gloucester; * Apr. 1382 c.; † 02/09 1399;
   b) Countess Anne of Buckingham, Hereford and Northampton; * Apr. 1383; † 16/10 1438;
   m(1) 1390 c. Earl Thomas III of Stafford; * before 1368; † 04/07 1392;
   m(2) 28/06 1398 c. Earl Edmund V of Stafford; * 02/03 1377; † 21/07 1403;
   m(3) 20/11 1405 Sir William Bourchier, Count d'Eu; ;† 28/05 1420;
   c) Joan; * 1384; † 16/08 1400;
   m 1392 Gilbert Talbot, 5th Lord; * 1383; † 19/10 1418;
   d) Isabel; * 12/03 1386; † Apr. 1402; nun in London;
   e) Philippa; * 1389 c.; † before Oct. 1399;
016A 1340 - John of Gaunt;
s(016); * 24/06 1340; † 03/02 1399; ‡ St. Paul's;
Earl of Richmond from 20/09 1343;
Duke of Lancaster from 1362;
Duke of Aquitaine;
King of Castile (titular);
Blanche of Lancaster; * 25/03 1345; m(1) 19/05 1359; † 12/09 1369;
d Duke Henry Grosmont of Lancaster; † 1399;
John and Blanche "founded" the Lancaster House by (018) and the Tudor monarchy;
children :
1.   Philippa; * 31/03 1360; † between 1415 and 09/09 1438;
   m 02/02 1387 King Joâo I; * 1358; † 1433;
   they got four sons, the 3rd was
     Henry the Navigator,
2.   John; * 1362 c.; † during infancy;
3.   Elizabeth; * before 21/02 1363; † 24/11 1425;
   m(1) 1380 Earl John Hastings of Pembroke; † 1389; they were divorced 1383 c.
   m(2) 24/06 1385 John Holand, 1st Duke of Exeter; * 1352; † 09/ 1 1400;
   m(3) 1401 c. Lord John Cornwall of Fanhope; † 1443;
4.   Edward; * 1365 c. † during infancy;
5.   John: * before 4.5.1366; † during infancy;
6.   Henry of Bolingbroke, King Henry IV (018); * 1367 latest; † 20/03 1415;
7.   Isabel; * 1368 c.

Constance, titular Queen of Castile; * July 1354; m(2) 21/09 1371; † 24/03 1394;
   d Pedro I of Castile;
children :
8.   Katherine = Catherine; * 06/06 1372 or 31/03 1373; † 02/06 1418;
   m Mar. 1389 or 1393 Henry = Enrique III of Castile (Sp. 019); * 04/10 1379; † 25/12 1406;
9.   John; * 1374; † during infancy;

Katharine = Catherine Swynford de Roet; * 1350; m(3) 13/01 1369; † 10/05 1403; ‡ Lincoln;
d Payne Roet of Guienne; Catherine Swynford was the widowed third wife of Hugh Swynford;
Sister-in-law of Geoffrey Chaucer;
children :
10.   John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset; * 1373; † 16/03 1410;
   m 1397-1399 Margaret; * 1385; † 30/12 1439; d Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent;
children :
   a) Henry Beaufort, 2nd Earl of Somerset; * 26/11 1401; † 1418;
   b) John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; * 1404 c.; † 27/05 1444;
     m 1439 Margaret;* 1412 c. † June 1482; d John Beauchamp of Bletsoe,
     they got:
       i) Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond; * 31/05 1443; † July 1509 c.
       m(1) Edmund TUDOR, Earl of Richmond; * 1430; † 01/11 1456;
       whose mother was Henry V's first wife.
   Edmund Tudor's and Margaret's son became King Henry VIII (025).
       m(2) 1459 c. Henry Stafford; † 1481;
       m(3) Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby; † 1504;
   c) Thomas, Earl of Perche; * 1405; † 1432;
   d) Edmund, Duke of Somerset; * 1406; † 22/05 1455;
     m 1435 c. Eleanor Beauchamp; * 1408; † 1468;
     they got:
     i) Henry, Duke of Somerset; * Apr. 1436: † 15/05 1464 beheaded;
     ii) Margaret; * 1437 c. † 1474;
       m(1) 1449 c. Humphrey, Earl of Stafford; † 22/05 1455;
       m(2) Sir Richard Darell;
     iii) Edmund; * before 1440; † 1471 beheaded;
     iv) John; † 1471;
     v) Thomas; † before 1463;
     vi) Eleanor; * after 1435; † 16/08 1501;
       m(1) James Butler, Earl of Ormonde and Wiltshire; † 1461 beheaded;
       m(2) 1470 c. Sir Robert Spencer of Spencercombe; * 1435 c. † 1492;
     vii) Anne, * 1435 c.
       m Sir William Paston; * 28/05 1434; † 1496 c.
     viii) Joan; † 1518;
       m(1) 1478 c. Robert, Lord Howth; † 1486);
       m(2) Sir Richard Fry; † 1504;
     ix) Elizabeth; † 1492 c.
       m Sir Henry Lewes;
     x) Mary;
   e) Joan Beaufort; * 1406 c.; † 15/07 1445;
     m(1) 02/02 1424 King James I of Scotland; † 21/05 1437;
     m(2) 21/09 1439 Sir James Stewart; * 1383 c. † after 1451;
   f) Margaret Beaufort; † after 1421;
     m Thomas de Courtenay, Earl of Devon;
11.   Henry Beaufort; * 1375 c. † 11/04 1447; ‡ Winchester; Bishop of W. and Cardinal;
12.   Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter; * 1377; † 13/12 1426;
   m Margaret Neville;
   they got:
     a) Henry, who died young;
13.   Joan Beaufort; * 1379; † 1425 or 13/11 1440;
   m(1) Sir Robert, Lord Ferrers; * 1373; † before 29/11 1396;
   m(2) Nov 1396-Feb 1397 Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmorland; * 1364 c. † 21/10 1425;
   they got:
     a) Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury; † 1460; and
     b) Cecily Neville; * 03/05 1415, † 31/05 1495; who
       m Duke Richard of York; † 1460;
       their sons became King Edward IV and King Richard III.
       See further family connections at (16-7-i);
017 1367 1377-1399 Richard II;
ss(016); s Black Prince (016-1); * 06/01 1367; † 14/02 1400 murdered Pontefract Castle; ‡ Kings Langley, from Dec. 1413 in WA.
King from 21/06 1377; uncle Duke John of Gaunt of Lancaster was regent during Richard's infancy;
Crowned 16/07 1377;
Deposed 29/09 1399;
Abdicated 30/09 1399; last of the Plantagenet kings.

Anne of Bohemia; * 11/07 1366; m(1) 14/01 or 20/01 1382; † 07/06 1394;
d emperor Charles IV = Karl IV Luxembourg.
no children ;

Isabella of Valois; * 1389; m(2) 9/3 1396 by proxy, m(2) 04/11 1396; † 1409;
she re-m Duke of Orleans. Daughter of Charles VI of France;
no children .
018 1366
or
1367		 1399-1413 Henry IV = Lord Henry Bolingbroke;
s(016A); * between 30/05 1366 nd 03/04 1367; † 20/03 1413; ‡ Canterbury Cathedral;
Crusading in Lithuania in 1390 and in Prussia in 1392;
King from 30/09 1399;
Crowned 13/10 1399;

Mary of Bohun; * 1370 or 1371; m(1) 27/07 1380 or 1381; † 04/06 1394 in child birth;
d Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford & Essex;
children :
1.   Edward; * Nov 1432; † Nov. 1432;
2.   Henry V of Monmouth (019) + Prince of Wales,
3.   Thomas * 29/09 1388; † 22/03 1421;
   Duke of Clarence from 09/07 1411; Governor of Ireland;
    m 1412 Margaret; * 1385; † 30/12 1439; d Thomas of Holland;
4.   John; * 20/06 1389; † 1435;
   Duke of Bedford from 1414; Regent of France when Henry VI was a child;
    m(1) 1423 Anne; * 1404; † 1432; d Duke of Burgundy;
    m(2) 1433 Jaquetta; * 1416 c. † 1472; d Peter of Luxembourg;
5.   Humphrey Duke of Gloucester; * 1390; † 1447;
    m(1) 1422 Countess of Hainault, Jacqueline of Bavaria; divorced 1428 latest;
    m(2) 1431 c. Eleanor; &134; 1447 or 1454; d Reynald Cobham;
6.   Blanche; * 1392; † 21/05 1409;
    m 1402 Louis = Ludwig III of Pfalz or, Duke of Bavaria; * 1378; † 1436;
7.   Philippa; * 04/06 1394; † 06/01 1430;
    m 1406 King Erik VII of Pommern, King of Denmark (127); † 03/05 1459;

Joan of Navarre; * 1370; m(2) 07/02 1403; † 1437;
d King Charles I of Navarre and widow of the Duke John of Brittany;
child :
8.   Edmund Labourde;
019 1387 1413-1422 Henry V;
s(018); * 09/08 or 16/09 1387; † 31/08 1422; ‡ WA;
Prince of Wales 1399;
King from 21/03 1413;
Crowned 09/04 or 10/04 1413;
Duke of Aquitaine from 1399;

The treaty of troyes 21/05 1420 made Henry heir to France by Charles VI of France;

Catherine of Valois; * 27/10 1401; m 02/06 1420; crowned 23/02 1421; † 03/01 1437;
youngest d Charles VI of France;
she remarried 1429 to Owen Tudor and became the foundress of the Tudor House.
child :
1.   Henry (020); * 06/12 1421; † 1471;
020 1421 1422-1461
and
1470-1471		 Henry VI;
s(019); * 06/12 1421; † 21/05 or 22/05 1471- murdered at Tower,; ‡ Windsor Castle;
King from 31/08 1422;
Crowned 06/11 1429;
Crowned King of France 16/12 1432 in Paris;
Came of age to rule from 13/11 1437;
Deposed 04/03 1461,
Restored 31/10 1470;
Deposed again 11/04 1471;

Founded King's College, Cambrigde in 1447;
War of the Roses broke out 1455;

Margaret of Anjou; * 23/03 1429; m 23/04 1445; † 25/08 1482;
d René Duke of Anjou and Count of Provence, titular King of Jerusalem;
child :
1.   Edward; * 13/10 1453; Prince of Wales 15/03 1454; † 04/05 1471;
   m 13/12 1470 Anne Beauchamp Neville of Warwick; * 1456; † 16/03 1485;
   d Richard Neville Earl of Warwick = The Kingmaker;
Edward died at the Battle of Tewkesbury - and the Queen was captured;
   Anne re-m(2) to Richard III (023);
Edward had no children.
021 1442 1461-1483 Edward IV;
1st s Richard Duke of York (* 21/09 1411, † 31/12 1460) and Cecily Neville (* 03/05 1415; † 31/05 1495); A);
* 28/04 1442; † 08/04 or 09/04 1483; ‡ Windsor Castle;
King 04/03 1461;
Crowned 28/06 1461;
Deposed 31/10 1470;
Restored 11/04 1471;

Elizabeth of Woodville; * 1437; † m 01/05 1464; crowned in May; 07/06 1492;
children :
  1.   Elizabeth Plantagenet, Elisabeth of York; * 11/02 1465; † 11/02 1503; ‡ WA;
   m 18/01 1486 King Henry VII (024);
B1. King HENRY VII of England (1485-1509), Earl of Richmond, *Pembroke Castle 28.1.1456, +Richmond Palace 21.4.1509, bur Westminster Abbey; m.Westminster Abbey 18.1.1486 Elizabeth of York Plantagenet (*11.2.1466 +11.2.1503)   2.   Mary; * 1466; † 23/05 1482;
  3.   Cecily; * 20/03 1469; † 24/08 1507;
   m(1) 1487 c. John, Viscount Welles; † 1499;
   m(2) 1504 c. Thomas Kyne of Wight;
  4.   Edward (022); * 04/11 1470; - later to be imprisoned in the Tower and never heard of again,
  5.   Margaret; * 10/04 1472; † 11/12 1472;
  6.   Richard Duke of York; * 17/08 1473; - later to be imprisoned in the Tower and never heard of again; † 1483,
   m 1478 Anne Mowbray; * 1472; † 1481;
  7.   Anne; * 02/11 1475; † 22/11 1511;
   m 04/02 1495 Thomas Howard 3rd Duke of Norfolk; † 1554;
  8.   George, * 1477; died in infancy;
  9.   Katherine = Catherine; * 14/08 1479 at Eltham Palace; † 15/11 1529;
   m 1495 c. William Courtenay, Earl of Devon; † 1511;
10.   Bridget; * 10/11 1480; † 1517; became a nun at Dartford;

A) Richard's parents were Richard, Earl of Cambridge and grandson of Edward III and Anne, d of Roger Mortimer, great grandson of Edward III.
Duke Richard of York and Anne got:
Anne, Edward IV, Earl Edmund of Rutland, Elizabeth, Margaret who m Charles the Bold of Burgundy, Duke George of Clarence, Richard III.
022 1470 1483-1483 Edward V;
s(021); * 02/11 or 04/11 1470; † July or August 1483, murdered in the Tower. ‡ unknown;
King 09/04 1483 to 25/06 1483, ruled under protector, the Duke of Gloucester;
Never crowned;
023 1470 1483-1485 Richard III;
b(021); 4th s Richard Duke of York († 1460);
* between 02/10 and 21/10 1452; † 22/08 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth Fields against Henry VII.
‡ Greyfriars Abbey, Leicester;
Duke of Gloucester;
King 26/06 1483;
Crowned 06/07 1483;

Anne Neville; * 1456; m 12/07 1472; † 16/03 1485; d Richard Earl of Warwick;
First married to Edward, Prince of Wales, s of Henry VI;
child :
1.   Edward; * 00/12 1473 c. Prince of Wales 08/09 1483, † 09/04 1484.
024 1457 1485-1509 Henry VII;
s Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond; * 28/01 1456 or 1457; † 21/04 1509; ‡ W.A.
Landed with invasion forces at Milford Haven 01/08 1485;
First king of the House of Tudor;
Earl of Richmond;
King from 22/08 1485;
Crowned 30/10 1485;
Origin :
   John of Gaunt (016-3.) —> (great-great grandfather);
   s John Beaufort —> (great grandfather);
   s John Beaufort 1st Duke of Somerset —> (grandfather);
   d Margaret Beaufort (mother) m Edmund Tudor Earl of Richmond (father) s of Owen Tudor and Catherine, and Margaret was Henry V's widow.

Elizabeth of York (021-1); * 11/02 1465; m 18/01 1486; crowned 25/11 1488; † 11/02 1503; d Edward IV;
children :
1.   Arthur; * 20/09 1486; † 02/02 or 02/04 1502;
   betrothed 1488 and m 14/11 1501 Catherine of Aragon; * 15/12 1485; † 07/01 1536;
   she re-m Henry (025), link to Naples;
2.   Henry (025); * 28/06 1491; † 18/02 1547;
3.   Margaret; * 29/11 1489; † 24/11 1541;
   m(1) 08/08 1503 James IV of Scotland; * 17/03 1473; † 09/09 1513;
   m(2) 04/08 1514 Archibald Douglas Earl of Angus; * 1489; † 1557;
   m(3) 03/03 1528 Henry Stuart Lord Methven; † 1551 c.
4.   Elisabeth; * 02/07 1492; † 1/09 1495 ;
5.   Mary; * 18/03 1496; † 24/06 1533; ‡ St. Mary's Church, Bury St. Edmunds;
   betrothed German emperor, Charles V, 21/12 1507, but never married;
   m(1) 09/10 1514 king Louis XII; * 27/06 1462; † 01/01 1515;
   she was widowed after 11 weeks;
   m(2) 13/05 1515 Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk; * 1484; † 22/08 1545;
   Through their d Frances and her husband Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk, came dd Jane Grey (027).
6.   Edmund, Duke of Somerset; * 21/02 1499; † 19/06 1500;
7.   Katherine; * 02/02 1503; † after 03/02 1503 and before 1509;
025 1491 1509-1547 Henry VIII;
s(024); * 28/06 1491; † 28/01 or 28/02 1547; ‡ Windsor Castle.
Duke of York 1494;
King of England from 21 or 22/04 1509;
Crowned 23 or 24/06 1509;
King of Ireland from 1541;

A. Catherine of Aragon; * 15/12 1485; m(1) 11/06 1509; † 07/01 1536; d Ferdinand II of Aragon;
She m(1) to prince Arthur (024-1.) 14/11 1501;
Betrothed to Henry 23/06 1503;
Her m(2) to Henry 11/06 1509; divorced and left palace 11/07 1531;
Marriage declared void 10/04 or 23/05 1533;
children :
1.   Henry; * 01/01 1511; † 04/01 or 22/02 1511;
2.   Mary (028); * 18/2 1516.

B. Anne Boleyn; * 1501; m(2) secretly 25/01 1533; crowned 01/06 1533; † 19/05 1536 executed;
child :
3.   Elizabeth (029); * 07/09 1533.

C. Jane Seymour; * 1509; m(3) 30/05 1536; † 24/10 1537 in childbirth;
child :
4.   Edward (026); * 12/10 1537.

D. Anne of Cleves; * 22/09 1515; m(4) 06/01 1539; divorced (annulled 09/07 1539); † 28/07 1557;
no children ;

E. Catherine Howard; * 1520 ; m(5) 28/07 1540; † 13/02 1542 executed;
no children ;

6m: 12.7.1543 Katherine Parr (*ca 1512 +5.9.1548) F. Catherine Parr; * 1512 c.; m(6); † 05/09 1548 after childbirth;
her 1st m was to Lord Latimer; her 2nd m 12/07 1543 was to Henry; and her 3rd m to Lord Thomas Seymour 1547 as his 6th wife.
no living children ;
026 1537 1547-1553 Edward VI;
s(025) + Jane Seymour; * 12/10 1537; † 06/07 1553 of tubercolosis; ‡ W. A.
King 28/01 1547;
Crowned 20/02 1547;
027 1537 1553 Jane Grey;
gd of (024-5); great niece of Henry VIII, father Henry Grey, mother Frances Brandon;
* Oct. 1537; † 12/02 1554 executed; ‡ The Church within the Tower;
Proclaimed Queen 10/07 1553; regnal year counts from 06/07;
Deposed 19/07 1553;

Lord Guildford Dudley; s of Earl of Warwick / Duke of Northumberland; m 21/05 1553; executed with wife 12/02 1554;
no children ;

From Jane's sister, Catherine Grey, who m Edward Seymour Earl of Hertford - and from Henry VIII's sister Margaret, who m(2) to Archibald Douglas, came the queen mother Elizabeth † 2002.
028 1516 1553-1558 Mary I = Bloody Mary;
d(025) and Catherine of Aragon; * 18/02 1516; † 17/11 1558; ‡ W.A.
Queen 19/07 1553 to 24/07 1554;
Crowned 01/10 1553;
Mary and Philip co-ruler 25/07 1554 to 17/11 1558;
Regnal year counts from 06/07 1553 - from the death of Edward VI;
De facto ruler from 19/07 1553;

Philip II of Spain; * 21/05 1527; m 25/07 1554; † 13/09 1598;
King of Spain, 1556-1598; s Emperor Charles V, 1519-1556;
no children ;
029 1533 1558-1603 Elizabeth I;
d(025) and Anne Boleyn; * 07/09 1533; † 24/03 1603; ‡ W.A.
Queen 17/11 1558;
Crowned 15/01 1559;
no children ;
030 1566 1603-1625 James I = James VI of Scotland;
Related to Henry VII of the Stuart family through his daughter Margaret;
Father Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley † 09/02 1567; Mother Mary Queen of Scots;
* 19/06 1566 in Edinburgh; † 27/03 1625; ‡ W.A.
King of Scotland from 1567;
Crowned Scotland 29/07 1567;
King of England from 24/03 1603;
Crowned England 25/07 1603;
Gunpowder Plot 05/11 1605;

Anne of Denmark; d King Frederik II (Denmark 134); * 14/10 or 12/12 1574; m 23/11 1589 in Oslo; crowned queen in May 1590; † 02/03 or 04/03 1619; ‡ Westminster;
children :
She gave birth to 3 sons and 5 daughters. However,I have only found 7 children;
1.   Henry Frederick; Prince of Wales; * 19/02 1594; † 06/11 1612;
2.   Charles (031); * 19/11 1600; † 30/01 1649;
3.   Elizabeth; * 19/08 1596; † 13/02 1662; ‡ WA;
   m 14/02 1613 Frederick V Elector Palatine, Rhineland; King of Bohemia; * 16/08 1596; † 29/11 1632;
   grandparents to George I through daughter.
4.   Margaret of Scotland; * 24/12 1598; † Mar 1600 ;
5.   Robert of Scotland, Duke of Kintyre; * 18/01 1602; † 27/05 1602;
6.   Mary of Scotland and England; * 08/04 1605; † 16/09 1607;
7.   Sophia of Scotland and England; * June 1606; † June 1606;
031 1600 1625-1649 Charles I;
* 19/11 1600; † 30/01 1649 executed; ‡ Windsor Castle;
King from 27/03 1625;
Crowned in England 02/02 1626;
Crowned in Scotland 18/06 1633;

Henrietta Maria of France; * 25/11 1609; m 01/05 1625 by proxy, she landed in Dover 12/06 1625; m 13/06 1625 in Canterbury; † 31/08 1669; left for France 14/07 1644;
d Henry IV of France;
children :
1.   Charles James, Duke of Cornwall & Rothesay; * 13/05 1629; † 13/05 1629;
2.   Charles II (032); * 29/05 1630; † 06/02 1685;
3.   Mary; * 04/11 1631; † 24/12 1660;
   m 02/05 1641 William II of Orange; * 1626; † 27/10 1660;
   Stattholder of the Netherlands, Count of Nasssau. They became parents to William III (034)
4.   James II (033); * 14/10 1633; † 06/09 1701;
5.   Elizabeth; * 29/12 1635; † 08/09 1650,
6.   Anne; * 17/03 1637; † 05/11 1640;
7.   Catherine; * 29/06 1639; † 29/06 1639;
8.   Henry Duke of Gloucester; * 08/07 1639 or 1640; † 13/09 1660;
9.   Henrietta Anne; * 16/06 1644; † 30/06 1670;
   m 31/03 1661 Philip of Orleans; † 1701;
--- --- 1649-1660 Commenwealth. Cromwell's time.
Council of State formed 16/02 1649.
Kingship was abolished 17/03 1649.
House of Lords abolished 19/03 1649;
Commonwealth established 19/05 1649;

First Dutch War May 1652 began;
First Dutch War ended April 1654;

The first Council of State, Rump Parliament, was dissolved 20/04 1653.
The second Council of state was formed 29/04 1653 and governed to 16/12 1653.
Oliver became Lord Protector 16/12 1653 and functioned a such to his death date 03/09 1658.
Richard Cromwell continued from his fathers death until 24/05 1659.
Parliament took over from 24/05 1659 to 05/05 1660 when Charles II was proclaimed king.
032 1630 1660-1685 Charles II;
s(030); * 29/05 1630; † 06/02 1685; ‡ W.A.
Proclaimed king in Scotland 05/02 1649.
Crowned in Scotland 01/01 1651.
Proclaimed king in Jersey 16/02 1649.
Proclaimed king in England 05/05 1660;
Arrived in London 29/05 1660, monarchy reinstalled.
Crowned 23/04 1661.
Counted regnal years from 30/01 1649 - the execution day of his father.

Plague of London from September 1665 to September 1666;
The Great Fire of London 02/09 to 06/09 1666;

Catherine of Braganza; * 25/11 1638; m 21/05 1662; † 31/12 1705; d Joan IV of Portugal;
no children ;

illegitimate child, one of 12 :
1.   James Scott, Duke of Monmouth; * 1649; † 1685.
033 1633 1685-1688 James II;
s(031); * 14/10 1633; † 06/09 1701; ‡ Church of English Catholics in Paris;
Duke of York from 1643;
King of England as No. II from 06/02 1685;
King of Scotland as No. VII from same date;
Crowned 23/04 1685;
Abdicated 11/12 1688; escaped to France 23/12 1688;
Deposed 13/02 1689;

Anne Hyde; * 12/03 1638; m(1) 24/11 1659 or 03/09 1660; † 31/03 1671;
d Edward Hyde Earl of Clarendon;
children :
  1.   Charles, Duke of Cambridge; * 22/10 1660; † 05/05 1661;
  2.   Mary (034); * 30/04 1662; † 28/12 1694;
  3.   James, Duke of Cambridge; * 12/07 1663; † 20/06 1667;
  4.   Anne (035); * 06/02 1665; † 01/08 1714;
  5.   Charles, Duke of Kendal; * 04/07 1666; † 22/05 1667;
  6.   Edgar, Duke of Cambridge; * 14/09 1667; † 08/06 1671;
  7.   Henrietta; * 13/01 1669; † 15/11 1669;
  8.   Catherine; * 09/02 1671; † 05/12 1671;

Mary of Modena; * 25/09 1658; m(2) by proxy 30/09 1673; m(2) 21/11 or 23/11 1673; † 07/05 1718;
d Alfonso III Duke f Modena;
children :
  9.   Catherine Laura; * 10/01 1675; † 03/10 1675;
10.   Isabella; * 18/08 1676; † 02/03 1681;
11.   Charles, Duke of Cambridge; * 1677; † 1677;
12.   Charlotte Maria; * 16/08 1682; † 06/10 1682;
13.   James Francis Edward, the old pretender; * 10/06 1688; † 01/01 1766;
Recognized 1702 as king James III by French king Louis XIV.
James's son with Mary Clementina, Charles, is the young pretender.
   m 03/09 1718 Marie Clementine Sobieska; * 18/07 1702; † 18/01 1735;
   they got:
     a) Charles Edward Louis Philippe Casimir of England and Scotland, Earl of Albany; * 31/12 1720; † 31/01 1788;
     Crowned King of Scots 22/09 1745 as Charles III;
     m(1) 17/04 1772 Luise zu Stolberg-Gedern; divorced 1784; * 20/09 1752; † 29/01 1824;
     m(2) 1785 Margarette O'Dea d'Audibert de Lussan; * 1749; † 1820;
     b) Henry Benedict Maria Klement Thomas Francis Xaver of England and Scotland;
     he became a cardinal; * 06/03 1725; † 13/07 1807;
14.   Louisa Maria Theresa; * 28/06 1692; † 08/04 1712;
--- --- 1688-1689 Interregnum 12/12 1688 to 12/02 1689.
034 1650 1689-1702 William III = William of Orange1;
* 04/11 1650; † 08/03 1702; ‡ W.A.
Landed Torbay 04/11 1688;
Proclaimed king 13/02 1689 together with queen Mary;
Crowned 21/04 1689;

1 William was s William II of Orange and Mary, sister to Charles II and James II.

Queen Mary II; * 30/04 1662; m 04/11 1677;
Queen regent from 12 or 13/02 1689; † 28/12 1694;
King William sole ruler until 1702;
no living children ;
035 1665 1702-1714 Anne;
d(033); * 06/02 1665; † 01/08 1714; ‡ W.A.
Queen regent 08/03 1702;
Crowned 23/04 1702;
Act of Settlement 1701 - if William and Mary or Anne had no heir, then the Hanoverians were next in line.
Regency Act 1706 - Interregnum, act to secure government between Anne's death and George's arrival.
Act of Union 1707 Scotland and England forming one kingdom, Great Britain.
First UK Parliament 23/10 1707.

Jørgen = George, Prince of Denmark; s(136); * 02/04 or 21/04 1653; m 28/07 1683; † 28/10 or 28/11 1708; ‡ W.A.
children :
1.   William, Duke of Gloucester; * 1689; † 30/07 1700;

Anne had 18 pregnancies from 1683 to 1700. Five children were born alive; only William survived infancy to die when 11.
036 1660 1714-1727 George I Ludwig;
Great-grandson of (030); * 28/05 1660; † 11/06 1727 at Osnabrück; ‡ Hanover;
Father: Ernest August, Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and elector of Hanover;
Mother: Sophia of the Palatinate (Pal. 021-12), electress of Hanover, d Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia (Boh. 610), who was a daughter of James I (30-3);
King of England from 01/08 1714;
Arrived with (037) 18/09 1714;
Crowned 20/10 1714;
Electoral Prince of Hannover from 1698;
Duke of Celle from 1705;
Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg;

origin:
James I's d Elizabeth m Frederick of Rhine and Bohemia;
their d Sophia (of 11 children) m Ernest Augustus Elector of Hanover † 1698;
their eldest of 7 was George.
George became heir to the throne of England when his mother, Sophia, died 30/05 1714.

Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Zell (Celle or of Braunschweig-Lüneburg); * 05/09 1666; m 21/11 1682 (cousins); divorced 28/12 1694; † 02/11 1726;
d George William, Duke of Brunswick & Celle;
children :
1.   George (037); * 30/10 1683; † 25/10 1760;
2.   Sophia Dorothea; * 16/03 or 26/03 1687; † 28/06 1757; m 17/11 1706 Frederick William I of Prussia; * 15/08 1688; † 31/05 1740;
037 1683 1727-1760 George II;
s(036); * 30/10 1683; † 25/10 1760; ‡ W. A.
King from 11/06 1727;
Proclaimed in London 15/06 1727;
Crowned 04/10 (or 11/10) 1727;
Prince of Hannover from 1727;
Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg;

UK adopt the Gregorian calendar 03-13/09 1752;

Caroline of Brandenburg-Anspach = Wilhelmina Charlotte Karoline; * 01/03 1683; m 22/08 1705; † 20/11 1737;
d Johann Frederick Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach;
children :
1.   Frederick Louis (Lewis); * 06/01 or 20/01 1707; † 20/03 1751; Prince of Wales 08/01 1729; m 08/05 1736 Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; * 30/11 1719; † 08/02 1772;
   they got:
     a) Augusta; * 31/07 1737; † 23/03 1813;
     m 16/01 1764 Duke Charles II = Karl II of Braunschweig; * 09/10 1735; † 10/11 1806;
     b) George (038); *04/06 1738; † 29/01 1820;
     c) Edward Augustus, Duke of York; * 14/03 1739; † 17/09 1767;
     d) Elizabeth; * 30/12 1740; † 04/09 1759;
     e) William Henry, Duke of Gloucester; * 14/11 1743; † 25/08 1805;
     m 06/09 1766 Countess Maria Walpole; * 03/07 1739; † 23/08 1807;
     they got:
       i) William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh; * 15/01 1776; † 30/11 1834; m 22/07 1816 Princess Mary of GB; * 1776; † 1857;
       ii) Sophia Matilda; * 29/05 1773; † 29/11 1844;
       iii) Caroline Augusta Maria; * 24/06 1774; † 14/03 1775;
     f) Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland; * 27/10 1745; † 18/09 1790;
     m 02/10 1771 Lady Anne Luttrell; * 24/11 1743; † 28/12 1808;
     g) Louisa Anne; * 08/03 1749; † 13/05 1768;
     h) Frederick William; * 13/05 1750; † 29/12 1765;
     i) Caroline Mathilda; * 11/07 1751; † 10/05 1775;
     m 01/10 1766 by proxy Danish Christian VII (141); † 13/03 1808; personal wedding took place at Christiansborg, Copenhagen 08/11 1766; divorced 1772 after affair with Struensee;

2.   Anne; * 02/11 1709; † 12/01 1759;
   m 25/03 1734 William IV Prince of Orange-Nassau; * 01/09 1711; † 22/11 1751,
3.   Amelia Sophia Eleanor; * 10/06 1711; † 31/10 1786,
4.   Caroline Elizabeth; * 10/06 1713; † 28/12 1757,
5.   George William; * 02/11 1717; † 06/02 1718;
6.   William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland; * 15/04 1721; † 31/10 1765,
7.   Mary; * 22/02 1723; † 14/01 1722;
   m 08/05 1740 by proxy; m personally 28/06 1740 Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Cassel;
      * 14/08 1720; † 31/10 1785; ‡ Roskilde;
8.   Louise = Louisa; * 07/12 or 18/12 1724; † 19/12 1751 at Christiansborg, Copenhagen;
   m 30/10 1743 by proxy, m personally 11/12 1743 Frederik V of Denmark (140); * 31/03 1723; † 14/01 1766;
038 1738 1760-1820 George III;
ss(037); * 04/06 1738; † 29/01 1820; ‡ Windsor Castle;
Mental collapse 05/11 1788 (2nd); recovered 19/02 1788; regency bill 05/02 1811;
King from 25/10 1760;
Crowned 25/09 (or 22/9) 1761;
King Great Britain and of United Kingdom after 01/01 1801 when Ireland was united with GB;
King of Hanover from 12/10 1814 or 1815;
Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg;

Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; * 19/05 1744; m 08/09 1761; †17/11 1818;
d Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz;
children :
1.   George (Engl. 039) * 12/08 1762; † 26/06 1830;
2.   Frederick, Duke of York & Albany * 16/08 1763; † 05/01 1827;
   m 29/09 1791 (Berlin), 24/11 1791 (London) Frederica - Friederike of Prussia;
   * 07/05 1767; † 06/08 1820; d Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia (Brand.077),
3.   William, Duke of Clarence (040); * 21/08 1765; † 20/06 1837;
4.   Charlotte Matilda, Princess Royal; 29/06 1766; † 06/10 1828;
   m 18/05 1797 Frederick I King of Würtemburg; * 06/11 1754; † 30/10 1816;
5.   Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent & Strathearn; * 02/11 1767; † 23/01 1820;
   m 29/05 1818 (Coburg) and 11/07 1818 (London) Mary Louisa Victoria of Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (Tysk.SS-040-6); * 17/08 1786; † 16/03 1861;
     parents to Queen Victoria (040);
6.   Augusta; * 08/11 1768; † 22/09 1840;
7.   Elizabeth; * 22/05 1770; † 10/01 1840;
   m 07/04 1818 Frederick VI Landgrave Hesse-Homburg; * 30/07 1769; † 02/04 1829;
8.   Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale;
   Prince of UK and of Hannover; Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg;
   * 05/06 1771; † 18/11 1851;
   King of Hannover from 20/06 1837 to 1851;
   m 29/05 1815 (Hannover) and 29/08 1815 (London) Friederike = Frederica Caroline of Mecklenburg Strelitz; * 02/03 1778; † 21/06 1841; d Charles Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-S;
     Frederica's m(1) was to Prince Frederick of Prussia;
     her m(2) to Prince Frederick of Solms-Braunfels, her 3rd was to Ernest;
9.   Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex; * 27/01 1775; † 21/04 1843;
   m twice privately against the Royal Marriage Act
     m(1) 04/04 1793 (Rome) and 05/12 1793 (London) Lady Augusta Murray; * 27/01 1768; † 05/03 1830;
     the marriage declared null and void by the Royal Marriage Act of 1794;
     m(2) 02/05 1831 c. Cecilia Gore Underwood created Duchess of Inverness; * 1785 c.; † 01/08 1873;
     changed her name 02/03 1834 to Underwood; Duchess from 10/04 1840;
10.   Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge; * 24/02 1774; † 08/07 1850;
     m 07/05 1818 (Kassel / proxy) and 01/06 1818 (London) Augusta of Hesse-Cassel; * 25/07 1797; † 06/04 1889;
     d Frederick Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel; their d Mary Adelaide †
     m 1897 Francis Duke of Teck † 1900;
     Their d Mary; * 26/05 1867; † 24/03 1953;
     m 06/07 1893 King George V (043);
     Adolphus also got Duke George of Cambridge and Augusta;
11.   Mary; * 25/04 1776; † 30/04 1857;
     m 22/07 1816 William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester & Edinburgh; * 15/01 1776; † 30/11 1834;
   He was ggs King George II and nephew and son-in-law of King George III;
12.   Sophia; * 03/09 1777; † 25/07 1848;
13.   Octavius; 23/02 1779; † 03/05 1783;
14.   Alfred; * 22/09 1780; † 20/08 1782;
15.   Amelia; * 07/08 1783; † 02/11 1810;
039 1762 1820-1830 George IV Augustus Frederick;
s(038); * 12/08 1762; † 26/06 1830; ‡ Windsor Castle;
Prince regent from 05/02 1811;
King of UK from 29/01 1820;
Crowned 19/07 1821;
King of Hannover from 1820;
Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg;

Catholic emancipation 10/04 1829;

Maria Anne Fitzherbert; * 1756; † 1837; m (a widow) 15/12 or 21/12 1785; invalid under the Royal Marriage Act (married without king's consent); connection denied by groom before 1795; connection resumed after 1795 with pope's consent; finally abandoned 1803;

Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick = Duchess Karoline von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel; * 17/05 1768;
m 08/04 1795; cases of adultery, divorce etc. because of king's hatred, queen dismissed from Westminster;
† 07/08 or 08/08 1821;
d Charles II of Braunschweig;
children :
1.   Charlotte Augusta, Princess of Wales; * 07/01 1796; dies in childbirth 06/11 1817;
m 02/05 1816 to King Leopold of Belgium, former Prince of Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (Tysk.SS-040-8); * 16/12 1865; † 10/12 1865.

George IV left no male descendant.
040 1765 1830-1837 William IV;
s(038); * 21/08 1765; † 20/06 1837; ‡ Windsor Castle;
King of UK from 26/06 1830;
Crowned (08/09 or) 09/09 1831;
King of Hannover from 1830;
Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg;

Adelaide Luise Therese etc. of Saxe-Meiningen; * 13/08 1792; m 11/07 1818; † 02/12 1849; d Duke George of Sachsen-Meiningen (Tysk.SM-080-1);
children:
1.   Charlotte Augusta Louisa; * 21/03 or 27/03 1819; † 21/03 or 27/03 1819;
2.   Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide; * 10/12 1820; † 04/03 1821;

William had fathered 10 illegitimate children by mistress Dorothea Jordan;
041 1819 1837-1901 Alexandrina Victoria;
d Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent (038-5);
* 24/05 1819; † 22/01 1901; ‡ Frogmore House, Windsor;
Queen from 20/06 1837;
Crowned 28/06 1838;
Empress of India from 01/05 1876 or 01/01 1877;
She lost Hanover (Hannover), as only male heirs could be accepted. Hanover went to uncle Ernest, Duke of Cumberland.

Franz August Karl Albert Emanuel of Saxe Coburg Gotha; * 26/08 1819; m 10/02 1840; Prince Consort; † 14/12 1861;
   s Ernst I Anton Karl, Duke of Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld (Tysk.SS-050-2); * 02/01 1784; † 29/01 1844;
children :
1.   Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, Princess Royal; * 21/11 1840; † 05/08 1901;
     m 25/01 1858 Frederick III of Germany; * 18/10 1831; † 15/06 1888;
2.   Albert Edward (042); * 09/11 1841; † 06/05 1910;
3.   Alice Maud Mary; * 25/04 1843; † 14/12 1878;
     m 01/07 1862 Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and Rhine; * 12/09 1837; † 13/03 1892;
4.   Alfred Ernest Albert, * 06/08 1844; † 30/07 1900,
   Duke of Edingburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha from 22//08 1893;
     m 23/01 1874 Maria Grand Duchess of Russia; * 17/10 1853; † 25/10 1920;
     d Alexander II of Russia,
   they got:
   a) Alfred Alexander Wilhelm Ernst Albert; * 15/10 1874; † 06/02 1899;
   b) Marie Alexandra Victoria; * 29/10 1875; † 10/07 1938;
     m 10/01 1893 King Ferdinand of Romania; * 24/08 1865; † 20/07 1927;
   c) Victoria Melita; * 25/11 1876; † 02/03 1936;
     m(1) 19/04 1894 Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse and the Rhine; * 25/11 1868; † 09/10 1937; divorced 1901;
     m(2) 08/10 1905 Grand Duke Kirill of Russia; * 12/10 1876; † 13/10 1938;
   d) Alexandrina Louise Olga Victoria; * 01/09 1878; † 16/04 1942;
     m 20/04 1896 Princet Ernst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg; * 13/09 1863; † 11/12 1950;
   e) daughter; * 13/10 1879; † 13/10 1879;
   f) Beatrice Leopoldine Victoria; * 20/04 1884; † 13/07 1966;
     m 15/07 1909 Prince Alfonso d'Orleans of Spain; * 12/11 1886; † 10/08 1975;
5.   Helena Augusta Victoria; * 25/05 1846; † 09/06 1923;
     m 05/07 1866 Duke Christian = Kristian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg; * 22/01 1831; † 28/10 1917;
6.   Louise Caroline Alberta; * 18/03 1848; † 03/12 1939;
     m 21/03 1871 John D. S. Campbell, Duke of Argyll; * 06/08 1845; † 02/05 1914;
7.   Arthur William Patrick Albert; Duke of Connaught & Strathearn; * 01/05 1850; † 16/01 1942;
     m 13/03 1879 Princess Louisa Margarete of Prussia; * 25/06 1860; † 14/03 1917;
   they got:
   a) Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert, * 13/01 1883; † 12/09 1938;
     m 15/10 1913 Princess Alexandra Duff; * 17/05 1891; † 26/02 1959;
   b) Margaret Victoria Augusta Charlotte Norah; * 15/01 1882; † 01/05 1920;
     m 15/06 1905 King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden; * 11/11 1882; † 15/09 1973;
   c) Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth, from 1919 Lady Patricia Ramsay; * 17/03 1886; † 12/01 1974;
     m 27/02 1919 Sir Alexander Ramsay; * 29/05 1881; † 08/10 1972;
8.   Leopold George Duncan Albert; Duke of Albany; * 07/04 1853; † 28/03 1884;
     m 27/04 1882 Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont; * 17/02 1861; † 01/09 1922;
   they got:
     a) Leopold Charles Edward George Albert; 2nd Duke of Albany until 1919;
       * 19/07 1884; † 06/03 1954;
     later Duke Karl Eduard of Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha from 30/07 1900;
     m 11/10 1905 Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg; * 31/12 1885; † 03/10 1970;
     b) Alice Mary Victoria Augusta Pauline; * 25/02 1883; † 03/01 1981;
     m 10/02 1904 Prince Alexander of Teck; Earl of Athlone; * 14/04 1874; † 16/01 1957;
9.   Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; * 14/04 1857; † 26/10 1944;
     m 23/07 1885 Prince Henry = Heinrich of Battenberg; * 05/10 1858; † 20/01 1896;
042 1841 1901-1910 Albert Edward VII;
s(041); * 09/11 1841; † 06/05 1910; ‡ Windsor Castle;
Prince of Wales 07/12 1841;
King of UK from 22/01 1901;
Emperor of India from 22/01 191;
Crowned 09/08 1902;
Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;
Duke of Saxony;

Alexandra; * 01/12 1844; m 10/03 1863; † 20/11 1925;
d King Christian IX of Denmark (145);
children :
1.   Albert Victor Christian Edward, Duke of Clarence & Avondale; * 08/01 1864; † 14/01 1892;
2.   George, (043); * 03/06 1865; †20/01 1936;
3.   Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar, Princess Royal; * 20/02 1867; † 04/01 1931;
   m 27/07 1889 Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife; * 10/11 1849; † 29/12 1912;
4.   Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary; * 06/07 1868; † 03/02 1935;
5.   Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria; * 26/11 1869; † 20/11 1938;
   m 22/07 1896 Prince Karl = Charles of Denmark, later =
   Haakon VII of Norway from 1905; 03/08 1872; † 21/09 1957;
6.   Alexander John Charles Albert; * 06/04 1871; † 07/04 1871.
043 1865 1910-1936 George V Frederick Ernest Albert;
s(042); * 03/06 1865; † 20/01 1936; ‡ Windsor;
King of UK from 06/05 1910;
Later King of GB and Northern Ireland;
Emperor of India from 06/05 1910;
German titles renounced after WW1;

Mary of Teck = Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck * 26/05 1867; m 06/07 1893; † 24/03 1953; dd(038-10.);
children :
1.   Victoria Alexandra Alice Mary, Princess Royal; * 25/04 1897; † 28/03 1963;
   m 28/02 1922 the 6th Earl of Harewood, Henry Lascelles; * 09/09 1882; † 23/05 1947:
2.   Edward (044); * 23/06 1894; † 28/05 1972;
3.    Albert Frederick Arthur George (045); * 14/12 1895; † 06/02 1952;
4.   Henry William Frederick Albert, Duke of Gloucester; * 31/03 1900; † 10/06 1974;
   m 06/11 1935 Princess Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott; * 25/12 1901; † 29/10 2004;
     d John Charles, Duke of Buccleuch,
   they got:
     a) William Henry Andrew Frederick; * 18/12 1941; † 28/08 1972;
     b) Richard Alexander Walter George; 2nd Duke of Gloucester; * 26/08 1944; † 08/07 1972;
     m 08/07 1972 Birgitte Eva van Deurs, from Odense, Denmark; * 20/06 1946;
5.   George Edward Alexander Edmund; Duke of Kent from 1934; * 20/12 1902; † 25/08 1942;
   m 29/11 1934 Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark; * 13/12 1906; † 24/08 1968;
     d Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark,
6.   John Charles Francis; * 12/07 1905; † 18/01 1919;
044 1894 1936-1936 Edward VIII Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David;
s(043); * 23/06 1894; † 28/05 1972;
King of GB and Northern Ireland from 20/01 1936;
Emperor of India from 20/01 1936;
Abdicated 10/12 or 11/12 1936;
Duke of Windsor from 12/12 1936 or 08/03 1937;
Governor of the Bahamas from 1939 to 1945;

Wallis Simpson = Bessie Wallis Warfield; * 19/06 1896; † 24/04 1986;
her m(3) 03/06 1937; her m(1) was 1916 to E. W. Spence, divorced 1927; her m(2) was 1928 to E. A. Simpson, divorced 1936;
no children;
045 1895 1936-1952 Albert Frederick Arthur George VI;
s(043); * 14/12 1895; † 06/02 1952; ‡ Windsor;
King of GB and Northern Ireland from 11/12 1936;
Emperor of India from 11/12 1936 to 22/06 1948;

Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon; * 04/08 1900; m 26/04 1923; † 30/03 2002;
d Claude, Earl of Strathmore & Kinghorne,
children :
1.   Elizabeth; (046); * 21/04 1926;
2.   Margaret Rose, Countess of Snowdon; * 21/08 1930; † 09/02 2002;
   m(1) 06/05 1960 to Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon * 07/03 1930; divorced 1978.
    they got:
     a) David, Viscount Linley; * 1961,
     b) Sarah; * 1964.
046 1926 1952- Elizabeth II Alexandra Mary;
d(045); * 21/04 1926; † 02/09 2022;
Queen of GB and Northern Ireland from 06/02 1952;
Crowned 1953;

Philip, Duke of Edingburgh; * 10/06 1921; m 20/11 1947; † 09/04 2021;
   Before marriage Prince of Greece and Denmark;
children :
1.   Charles; * 14/11 1948;
     m(1) 29/07 1981 Diana Spencer * 1961 and † 1997; divorced in 1996;
     m(2) 09/04 2005 Camilla Parker-Bowles, Duchess of Cornwall;
     children of m(1):
     a) William; * 21/06 1982;
     b) Henry; * 15/09 1984;
2.   Ann; * 15/08 1950;
     m(1) 14/11 1973 Mark Philips; divorced 28/04 1992;
     m(2) 12/12 1992 to Timothy Laurence * 1955;
     children of m(1) :
     a) Peter Phillips; * 15/11 1977,
     b) Zara Phillips; * 15/05 1981;
3.   Andrew Duke of York (from 1986); * 19/02 1960;
      m 23/07 1986 Sarah Ferguson; divorced 30/05 1996,
     children :
     a) Beatrice of York; * 08/08 1988;
     b) Eugenie of York; * 23/03 1990;
4.   Edward Earl of Wessex; * 10/03 1964;
     m 19/06 1999 Sophie Rhys-Jones, Countess of Wessex, * 20/01 1963;
     children :
     a) Louise Windsor, * 08/11 2003;
     b) James Alexander Philip Theo, Viscount Severn, * 17/12 2007;

No further details will be added to the future of the royal line.


Jørgen Marcussen
Updated 2024-02-19.
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